Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a fundamental programming technique used to achieve data hiding in OOP.

Info

Encapsulation in OOP refers to binding data and the methods to manipulate that data together in a single unit, that is, class.

Depending upon this unit, objects are created. Encapsulation is usually done to hide the state and representation of an object from outside. A class can be thought of as a capsule having methods and properties inside it.

Get and Set

In order to allow controlled access to properties from outside the class, getter and setter methods are used.

Note

A getter method allows reading a property’s value.

A setter method allows modifying a property’s value.

Challenge

• Follow on Task: Implement Complete Student Class and its Solution

TaskSolution

"""
    Implement Complete Student Class

    Task
        Implement the following properties as private:
            name
            rollNumber

        Include the following methods to get and set the private properties above:
            getName()
            setName()
            getRollNumber()
            setRollNumber()

        Implement this class according to the rules of encapsulation.

    Input
        Checking all the properties and methods

    Output
        Expecting perfectly defined fields and getter/setters

    Note: Do not use initializers to initialize the properties. Use the set methods to do so. If the setter is not defined properly, the corresponding getter will also generate an error even if the getter is defined properly.
"""

class Student:
    def setName(self):
        pass

    def getName(self):
        pass

    def setRollNumber(self):
        pass

    def getRollNumber(self):
        pass

class Student:
    __name = None
    __rollNumber = None

    def setName(self, name):
        self.__name = name

    def getName(self):
        return self.__name

    def setRollNumber(self, rollNumber):
        self.__rollNumber = rollNumber

    def getRollNumber(self):
        return self.__rollNumber


demo1 = Student()
demo1.setName("Alex")
print("Name:", demo1.getName())
demo1.setRollNumber(3789)
print("Roll Number:", demo1.getRollNumber())